新时期城乡居民对健康管理服务内容和形式需求调查分析

Demand Investigation and Analysis of the Content and Form of the Health Management Service of the New Period Urban and Rural Residents

目的:通过对山东省城乡居民对健康管理服务内容和形式需求的调查分析,找出针对基层医疗卫生机构供给侧改革下一步的重点,为基层医疗卫生机构满足本地区居民的健康管理服务需求明确服务顺序和侧重点,选择调整服务方式以及医学院校确定健康管理专业人才培养目标提供依据。方法:选择山东省经济发展不同地区城乡居民513人进行问卷调查,并对调查资料进行统计分析。结果:城乡居民对基本医疗、用药指导需求一致,均排在第一位;就医营养指导、健康咨询、健康查体、疾病预防是城乡居民的重要需求,但无显著差异;慢性病管理、健康档案建立、职业人群的健康指导和妇幼保健等6个方面的需求农村高于城市并显著差异。到附近医疗卫生机构接受服务为城乡居民首选,但有明显差异;网络咨询服务城市明显高于农村;上门服务(包括有偿和无偿)农村居民明显高于城市。建议:继续加强城乡基层医疗卫生机构服务能力建设,尤其是针对农村居民的家庭健康档案建立、慢性病管理、职业病防治以及孕产妇和婴幼儿的健康管理是政府卫生资源供给侧改革中加强的重点;基层医疗卫生机构在为当地居民提供服务和采取的形式应满足当地居民的不同需求;高校确定健康管理专业人才培养目标和能力定位既要考虑专业发展的需要,更要考虑当地居民的健康管理需求。

Objective By demand investigation and analysis of the content and form of the health management service of the urban and rural residents in Shandong province, to find the next key points of supply - side reform of primary health care institu- tions ; to clarify the service order and focus of the primary health care institutions which meet the needs of local residents＇ health management services; to provide theory basis for selecting and adjusting the service modes and determining the training objectives of health management professional in medical colleges and universities. Methods A total of 513 urban and rural residents from dif- ferent regions in Shandong province were selected for questionnaire survey, and the survey data was statistically analyzed. Results Both urban and rural residents had the same needs for basic medical treatment and medication guidance, which were rank the first place. Medical and nutrition guidance, health consultation, physical examination and disease prevention were the important needs of urban and rural residents, but no significant differences were found. The rural needs for 6 aspects for chronic diseases manage- ment, health records establishment, the health guidance of professional population and maternal and health care and so on was higher than urban residents and had significant differences. Both the urban and rural residents are likely to receive medical and health services, but there are significant differences by the method, network advisory services is more acceptable in cities, while on - site service （ including paid and unpaid） are more popular in urban. Conclusion It is recommended to continue to strengthen the service capacity construction of primary and secondary medical and health institutions in urban and rural areas. In particular, the establishment of family health records, management of chronic diseases, prevention and control of occupational diseases, as well as the health management of pregnant women and infants and young children are the key points to strengthen in the supply - side reform of government health resources. Health care institutions in providing services to local residents and take the form should meet the different needs of local residents. Colleges and universities to determine the health management professionals training objectives and ability to position both to consider the needs of professional development, but also to consider the health management needs of local residents.