中国献血人群感染巨细胞病毒CMV的分子流行病学调查

Prevalence investigation of Cytomegalovirus infection in the blood donors in China

目的了解中国献血人群中巨细胞病毒（CMV）的感染情况,应用Q-PCR方法对中国部分地区健康献血人群CMV感染情况进行分子流行病学调查,并检测病毒载量及抗体。方法构建荧光定量PCR检测体系,调查在2014年1月—2015年2月来自乌鲁木齐、柳州、洛阳、重庆、绵阳5个地区,3 794人份献血者血浆标本中CMV的DNA流行率,并测定CMV阳性标本的病毒载量;同时随机抽取5个地区标本292（人）份,用ELISA法检测抗-Ig G和-Ig M的流行情况。结果本研究建立的Q-PCR方法对CMV的检测下限为5×10^1copies/mL。在5个地区的健康献血人群中,共发现6份标本为CMV核酸阳性,DNA阳性率占0.16%（6/3794）。CMV的抗-IgG阳性率37.3%（109/292）,抗-IgM阳性率为8.9%（26/292）,抗-IgG和-IgM双阳性率为1.71%（5/292）。结论在本次研究中,巨细胞病毒CMV在我国5个地区献血人群中的核酸流行率处于一个较低的水平,检出的CMV病毒载量均在10^3copies/mL以下,由于CMV在免疫正常的个体中为无症状感染,是否需要对免疫力较低下的受血者输血前进行血液中CMV的检测值得进一步探讨。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Cytomegalovirus （CMV） in the healthy blood donors in China. Methods Q-PCR was used to identify the CMV DNA and ELISA was used to detect the antigen/antibody of CMV. A quantitative CMV DNA real-time PCR detection system was established to process 3 794 plasma samples from 5 Chinese blood eenters：Chongqing, Luoyang, Urumqi, Mianyang and Liuzhou. The viral loads of reactive samples were measured. Meanwhile, 292 randomly selected samples from the 5 centers were tested with the ELISA method to detect IgG and IgM infections. Results In this blood donor population, 6 samples were CMV DNA-reactive, accounting for 0. 16% （6/3 794）. The sensitivity of the established Q-PCR system is high with CMV. The limit of detection （LOD） for CMV was 5x 101 copies/mL. In the 292 ELISA-processed samples, the IgG antibody positive rate was 37.3% （109/292） and the IgM antibody positive rate was 8. 90% （ 26/292）. 1.71% （5/292） of the 292 samples were seropositive for CMV IgG and IgM antibodies. Conclusion Currently, certain level of CMV infection prevalence is presented in Chinese blood donors. Yet, the viral load values detected in the CMV DNA positive samples were low. Whether the blood recipients with low immunity require CMV tests re- mains to be further explored.