超出自我与他者的实践增量及民族志“做”法——以《双面人》为例

Incremental Practice Beyond Self and Other and Methodology of Doing Ethnography:A Reflection based on Two-Dimensional Man

方法论上,民族志的难题之一,是自我无法从本体上变成他者,但若他者缺席,则会陷入自我唯主观论。它需尊重自我与他者差异,但不限于写差异,否则就只是猎奇。自我与他者皆不可缺,但若无互动,他者就是与自我无关的任意抽象,针对互动的自我反思更无从谈起。因此,不是他者、也非自我,唯因互动而情境性生发的、超出自我与他者的实践增量,才使得"做"民族志成为可能。

Methodologically,one of the challenges to ethnography is that self cannot change into other ontologically,but if the other were absent,ethnography would be lost in self subjectivism. Ethnography should respect the differences between self and other,but it should not focus only on differences. Otherwise,it will turn itself into a hunt for novelty. Self and other are both needed for ethnography. Without interaction between the two,other would become a random abstraction,having nothing to do with self,and self would not have any interactive reflections. Therefore,what makes it possible to do ethnography is neither self nor other but the incremental practice contextually produced by the interaction between and beyond self and other.