阶层竞争:农民上访的一个解释框架——基于浙江G镇调查

Class Competition:A Framework for Interpretation of Farmers Petition——Based on an investigation in G town in Zhejiang

在东部发达地区,农民分化程度高,阶层竞争激烈。下层农民跟上层农民相比差距甚大,怎么努力都无法达到上层农民引领的村庄价值标准,所以生存性压力很大。上层农民则在竞争中利用其地位与优势垄断镇域内的市场机会、政治权力、社会关系、文化价值等优质资源,构成了对下层农民的阶层排斥,阻隔了他们竞争成功和向上流动的渠道。同时,上层农民通过垄断村庄再分配权力,瓜分村庄公共资源,将下层农民排除在再分配之外,最终触发下层农民通过上访来宣泄情绪和重构村庄利益再分配结构。这类上访是在既定阶层关系和分配秩序下,下层农民参与村庄竞争的最后救济渠道,它内含着正义诉求,是农民的尊严政治。要治理好农民上访问题,关键是要调节农村阶层关系,规范村级民主政治,调整农村资源配置机制,加强村庄社会整合。

In the developed eastern areas,farmers have been highly differentiated,which has led to intense class competition. The gap between the lower-class farmers and the upper-class farmers is such that the lower-class farmers find it nearly impossible to achieve the value standards of the villages set by the upper-class farmers and thus are faced with great survival pressure. In competition,the upper-class farmers avail themselves of their status and advantages to monopolize market opportunities,political power,social relationships,cultural value and other good resources in their townships,which have caused a class-associated exclusion of the lower-class farmers and blocked their channels for success in competition and upward movement. In the meantime,by monopolizing the village ＇ s power of redistribution,the upper-class farmers carve up the public resources of the village and exclude the lower-class farmers from redistribution,which has finally made the lower-class farmers try to find an outlet for their emotions reconstruct the structure of interest redistribution in the village through petitions. Faced with the established hierarchical relationships and order of distribution,the lower-class farmers have taken such petitions as the last channel of rescue for them to participate in village competition. The petitions contain an appeal for justice and the political dignity of farmers. The key to handling their petitions properly lies in adjusting inter-class relationship in rural areas,standardizing village democratic politics,adjusting the allocation mechanism for rural resources and strengthening social integration of villages.