我国慈善法人治理结构科层化的新制度主义分析

The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis of Chinese Charity's Governance Structure

一个组织的治理结构是实现组织体功能的基础,但组织结构的人为设计要体现该组织产生以来社会认同的历史沉淀和基本内核。只有从制度环境与组织的互动视角去理解慈善法人组织的治理结构与机制,才能揭示其缘起和变异的运行逻辑。组织社会学的新制度主义认为,组织治理的制度不仅仅是技术性的产物,更是包括相关社会环境在内的文化规则的理性化的产物,一个组织在组织场域环境影响下会导致治理结构的同化或异化。当前,我国慈善法人组织治理结构的科层化现象较为普遍,这容易丧失慈善法人组织应有的活力和民间本色,与当下建立"大社会"的方向不符。当前,要明确组织边界、减少慈善法人组织边界的模糊性和虚弱性,克服科层化组织结构,按照扁平化结构原理对慈善组织体进行柔性的组织设计,回归慈善法人治理结构特有的生态位。

The governance structure of a charity organization is the basis of organizational functions. However, the design of the organizational structure must reflect the history and core of social identity since the organization was created. Only on the perspective of institutional environment and the organizations＇ interaction, can we reveal the operating logic of charity organizational structure＇s origin and variation. The new institutionalism of organizational sociology believes that the system of organizational governance is not only a technical product,but also a product of the rationalization of cultural rules of relevant social environment. An organization can lead to assimilation or alienation of governance structures under the influence of the organizational field. At present,the bureaucratization of the corporate governance structure of the charity legal person organizations in China is relatively common. This phenomenon will cause the loss of charity organization＇s vitality and folk character,which is inconsistent with the current direction of establishing the＂ great society＂. Therefore, we must confine the organization＇s boundaries, reduce the ambiguity and weakness of the charity legal person＇s organizational boundaries, transform the organizational structure of the bureaucracy and design a flexible structure of charity organization in accordance with the principle of flat structure in order to return the unique niche of charity organization＇s governance structures.