儿童如何在参观科技场馆过程中学习科学——基于国外实证研究的系统分析

How Children Develop Understanding of Scientific Concepts during Family Visit at Museums:A Review of International Empirical Studies

场馆学习是一种重要的非正式学习形式,而家庭是场馆来访群体的重要组成部分。大量研究表明,在参观场馆的过程中,家庭成员可以有效学习科学知识、培养科学态度、提升科学素养。国内外学术界对于儿童如何在场馆参观过程中实现对科学的理解仍在探索中。通过对相关国际学术文献进行分析,探讨影响儿童跟随家长在参观场馆过程中学习科学的因素,发现影响儿童在参观过程中理解科学的因素主要包括家庭背景、角色定位、话语形式、辅助支架、展示形式。

Museum learning is an important form of informal learning, where family visitors may gain scientific knowledge, develop scientific attitudes and enhance scientific literacy. This study reviewed a number of published international empirical studies to identify the factors that may influence children＇s understanding of scientific concepts during the visit. Key journals for publishing empirical studies of museum learning, such as Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Research in Science Education, Science Education, International Journal of Science Education were searched around the key words of ＂science learning＂, ＂science museum＂, ＂family＂, ＂parent-child interaction＂, ＂sense-making＂, ＂concept learning＂, and ＂concept understanding＂. Database such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge were also scanned for sources. Systematical review method was employed in this study. The findings of the study show that family background, identity, pattern of discourse, scaffolding, exhibitions are the major factors shaping children＇s understanding of scientific concepts.