在农村与城市之间:情报/宣传一体两面新闻制度的形成

Between the Revolutionary Base and the Metropolitan Cities:The Origin and Formation of the Coexisting System of Intelligence and Propaganda

1930年代,中国共产党新闻宣传制度的宣传与情报系统,代表半封闭信息环境与较松散组织状况下的特殊形态。中国共产党顺应从城市到农村的革命网络连接与变迁,从江西苏区到上海、再到香港的交通联系因应农村、城市并立时期的中共新闻制度格局。随着革命与战争的深入,城市逐渐成为中共情报与宣传的枢纽。这一十分复杂的历史现象源于敌我矛盾形塑、战争资源匮乏、信息环境缝隙。苏区根据地与上海、香港等城市之间的信息模式既是晚清以来宣传与情报媒介集中于一党一国之下之历史趋势链条中的重要一环,又具有集中化趋势下宣传与情报平台逐渐走向相对开放的趋势。就1930年代与1940年代的对比来看,生存状况严酷时期,交通网络的工作重情报;生存状况宽松时期,则致力于宣传。

Where did the origin of the centralized media system,which values both propaganda and intelligence collection of the Chinese Communist Party come from？Based on the CCP official documents,as well as various declassified archival materials from the British Colonial Office（FO）,the National Archives and Records Administration of the United States（NARA）,and the CIA,the study demonstrates that from the perspective of the shift of the importance of the intelligence and propaganda base among Shanghai,the Central Soviet Base,and Hong Kong,namely,within a network between urban and rural areas,the confidential connection among the three parties worked well in corresponding to the dual existence of both urban and rural areas of CCP.As the war and revolution marched further since the late 1930 s,Hong Kong not only became the most prominent nexus for the network between the rural and the urban,but also the contending fields of multiple political interest groups.The conclusion is that：the rural-urban model is the starting point towards centralization of state owned media in the regime of CCP;it is also one critical step within the historic chain that leads to the centralization of media,of which the public propaganda in Hong Kong was gradually overwhelmed the underground network of Shanghai and Central Soviet Base Area.By working together,the former and the latter respectively responded to＂one body ＂and＂two faces＂ ：the centralization of state media,and the hand-in-hand system of intelligence and propaganda.