元明散曲的同相异质及价值刍议——以玩世放浪、颠覆传统类作品为例

Discussion on the Value and Differences in the Same Surface of Songs in the Yuan and Ming Dynasty:A Case Study of Bohemianism and Unconventional Works

元明两代曲坛,表现文人散诞逍遥、放浪形骸、叹世归隐的题材蔚为大观,悖逆名教、反叛传统、张扬自我的作品汗牛充栋。"玩世"是其共同倾向,颠覆传统是其主旋律。元人咏唱的表象下,掩饰不住的是他们在无奈的境遇中对传统秩序恢复与重建的殷殷渴望,蕴涵着积极有为的心志与渴盼入世的热情;而晚明文士在当时的哲学思潮和世俗流风的双重冲击下,面对传统价值观念与人生信仰在现实中遇到的尴尬,将身心消融于这股泥沙俱下的时代浊流之中,其散曲在很大程度上是他们与世俗沉浮的心态及现实生活方式的真实写照。元明散曲孕育于不同的社会文化背景,具有不同的文化内涵;既有一定的积极意义,又有不可忽略的消极成分。

In the Yuan and Ming dynasties,there are many works on the themes of which can show out the literati＇s wish on the loose,which are completely informal,and hope to leave the secular world.Many works are rebellious,anti-tradition,and selfpublicizing.Cynicism is their common tendency;subversive tradition is their main melody.The inclusion of the works of the Yuan dynasty is the authors＇desire to restore the traditional orders when they face the reality.It contains the enthusiasm of making achievements and the eager to enter the reality.The authors of the late Ming dynasty are impact from the philosophy ideological trend of secular ethos at that time.They face the awkwardness of traditional values and life belief in reality.Their works reflect their mentality and their real life style.The songs in the Yuan and Ming dynasty contain different social and cultural backgrounds and have different cultural connotations.They have both positive and negative significances.