基于生物质谱技术解析食源性糖蛋白糖基化位点的研究进展

Research Progress on Glycosylation Sites of Food-derived Glycoproteins Based on Biological Mass Spectrometry

糖蛋白作为生物体内重要的生物大分子,参与细胞的识别、粘着及迁移,并调控细胞的增殖及分化。目前已有大量研究表明,糖蛋白广泛存在于食品原料中,且发挥多种生理活性。鉴于糖蛋白糖基化的复杂性,解析糖基化位点成为糖蛋白结构表征的关键。本文对糖蛋白N-糖基化、O-糖基化以及部分糖链结构进行介绍,以N-糖基化作为主要研究对象,对核磁共振技术和质谱技术这两种糖基化位点的检测方法进行对比分析,归纳获得去糖基化和完整糖肽检测两种糖基化位点的检测方法,并阐释质谱碎裂方式、去糖基化分析机制以及基于糖肽的糖基化位点解析机理。本文旨在为通过生物质谱技术确定糖基化位点的策略提供参考,并为深入研究食源性糖蛋白的性质和功能奠定基础。

As one of the most important biological macromolecules in the organism,glycoprotein participated in the recognition,adhesion and migration of cells,regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells.A large number of studies had shown that glycoproteins were widely used in food-derived materials and exhibited a variety of physiological activities.However,because of the complexity of glycosylation,the analysis of glycosylation sites had become a crucial link in the characterization of glycoprotein structure.In this review,N-glycosylation,O-glycosylation and partial sugar chain structure of glycoproteins were introduced.N-glycosylation was set as the main research object,and two approaches for nuclear magnetic resonance（ NMR） and mass spectrometry techniques were introduced.Mass spectrometry technique detection method was widely used because it was suitable for the analysis of mixtures. According to the research results of glycosylation sites from food-derived glycoprotein in recent years,two approaches were concluded.Subsequently,the methods of fragmentation,the mechanism of deglycosylation and the principles of glycosylation sites analysis based on glycopeptides were clarified. In order to provide reference for the determination of glycosylation sites by biological mass spectrometry,and paved a way for the in-depth study of the nature and function of food-derived glycoprotein.