资本下乡与隐蔽的水权流动——以广西大规模甘蔗种植为例

Capital Penetration into Agriculture and Its Implications on Water Resource Reallocation:the Case of Large-Scale Sugarcane Plantations in Guangxi

针对资本下乡现象,学界侧重于考察土地流转所带来的人地关系变迁,对土地流转背后较具隐蔽性的人水关系变迁关注不足。农业资本在土地流转过程中通常更为青睐有水源保障的土地,其作为新的用水主体进而也重组了村庄既有的水分配格局,促使水资源的实际控制权发生流动。本文以广西大规模甘蔗种植为例,揭示了农业公司在甘蔗种植过程中的用水策略和逻辑,认为农业公司的出现挤压了当地农户的水资源获取空间,并以威胁当地生态环境安全、村民利益及社区发展为代价满足自身盈利和增殖的需求。在资本下乡热的背景下,普通农户的水权应该得到尊重和保护。此外,农业扶持政策和补贴分配不能仅以经济效益和规模效应最大化为中心,资本主导的农业经营模式对水资源的需求和使用方式及其对生态环境的影响应该纳入政策设计和决策过程中。

Land transfer and its impacts on land-based social relations,along with the penetration of capital into agriculture,have received lots of academic attention. However,the reshuffle of water control underlying land transfer caused by agricultural capital has tended to be overlooked. With preference for the land with reliable water access,agricultural capital has easily led to redistribution of the existing water use and control structure.Based on the fieldwork in Guangxi,this paper examines the strategies and mechanism of agricultural capital in large-scale sugarcane plantation and argues that agricultural capital has encroached local villagers on their water access. The accumulation of agricultural capital is at the cost of the interest of the local community and agroecology. In the context of agricultural capital expansion in countryside,the right to water access of the local villagers should be guaranteed. Besides,agricultural policies and subsidies distribution should not simply follow the principle of economic profit and scale maximization. How much water is needed,how it is used and how it will affect agroecology by capitalist agricultural production are questions that should be taken into account in the policy-making process.