当香料不再稀有——19世纪以来北马鲁古群岛丁香的消费与本土重建

When Spices are No Longer Rare:Consumption and Native Reconstruction of North Maluku Cloves since the 19th Century

作为一种重要的世界性香料,丁香自人类历史的早期便是长途贸易中的重要商品,并一度风靡全球。欧洲人对香料的渴望直接催生了地理大发现与资本主义扩张,并深刻改变了世界历史的进程。以往的研究者多持有以欧洲为中心的传统世界史观,错误地认为欧洲的殖民和贸易活动主导了东印度群岛的发展脉络,忽略了传统亚洲贸易体系对地方社会和政治结构的影响。这种视角也使得对18世纪后退出欧洲市场的北马鲁古群岛丁香的研究被忽略了。不同于以往研究的宏大叙事,本文将以19世纪以来北马鲁古群岛丁香的社会生命史为切入点,展示全球经济体系中地方主体对丁香的消费和本土重建。烟草的催化使北马鲁古群岛丁香的社会生命史从19世纪开始发生偏移。在这个路径偏移过程中,权力、社会结构和地方主体的能动性交互影响着北马鲁古社会。

As one of the world's most important type of spices,cloves were a valuable commodity in long-distance trade in the early days of human history and were once eagerly sought after around the world. The thirst for spices directly instigated great geographical discoveries and capitalist expansion,and hence changed the course of the global history. Most researchers in the past have taken an eurocentric view and mistakenly argued that European colonization and commerce dominated the social development of the East Indian archipelagos.They have ignored the influence of traditional Asian trade system on local society and political structure. Unlike these researchers,this paper takes the social life course of North Maluku cloves since the 19 th century as thepoint of departure and demonstrates the consumption and native reconstruction of cloves by local subjects in the global economic system. Since the 19 th century,North Maluku cloves have been affected by the use of tobacco.In this process,North Maluku society was influenced by the interaction between power,social structure and local subjects.