习语构式的动态浮现——由程度评价构式“X没说的”说开去

The emergence of idiom construction: A case study of degree-evaluation construction “X mei shuo de”

立足于构式语法和浮现语法相融合的视角,本文主要从程度评价构式"X没说的"的浮现产生出发,探讨和揭示习语性构式普遍存在的动态浮现性:习语构式不是静态固有的,而是动态浮现产生的,它们一般以原型用法为基础,在日常的频繁使用中逐渐浮现出构式用法并进一步规约化成型,其所在结构的两重性是习语构式浮现产生的重要参照:语义变异及功能扩展是习语构式浮现产生的内在影响因素,类推仿用、使用频率及使用语境是重要的外在激发因素。从动态角度看,习语构式基于使用而成型的整合过程,是一个从无到有的浮现过程,这个过程一定程度上是"用法→语法→用法"连续统的反映,是语用法的语法化及规约化的结果。

Based upon the combination of Construction Grammar and Emergent Grammar, we studied the degree-evaluation construction ＂X mei shuo de（X 没说的）＂ in an at- tempt to reveal the dynamic emergence that is universal in idiom constructions. Idiom con- structions are dynamic and emergent instead of being pre-existing and static. Coming from their prototypical usages, they form gradually ity is an important criterion for the judgment with the high frequency in everyday use. Dual- of the emergence of idiom constructions. Se- mantic variation and functional extension are the internal factors while analogy, frequency and context are the external factors which can trigger the emergence of idiom constructions. On the whole, the emergence of idiom constructions is usage-based, and their formation is the result of fossilization and conventionalization based on pragmatic and cognitive princi- ples, which is the reflection of the continuum of usage-grammar-usage.