论法律实施的一般特性与基本原则——基于法理思维和实践理性的分析

On the General Characteristics and Basic Principles of Law Enforcement Based on Fali Thinking and Practical Reason

法律实施和法治建设均具有多维的意义与功能。改革开放以来,国内关于法律实施的研究经历了三个阶段和两次浪潮。法律实施具有规则依赖性、对人依赖性、资源依赖性和易受干扰性等四项特征,这些特征使法律实施只能最大化趋近其应然效果、实然效果和道德效果统一的目标,并需努力克服实施不足、实施错误和实施异化。法律实施的基本原则应具有特殊性以及回应性,具体包括依法实施原则、全维实施原则、公平实施原则、诚信实施原则、效益实施原则以及谦抑实施原则六大原则。每项基本原则内又包含若干具体原则。这些基本原则及其中的具体原则构成了法律实施的法理群落。

Law enforcement has multidimensional significance and function for law itself and rule of law. Since the reform and opening-up, domestic research on law enforcement has gone through three stages and two waves. There are four characteristics on law enforcement： rule depend- ence, human dependence, resources dependence, and vulnerability. These characteristics mean that law enforcement can only maximize access to its goal of the unity of ought effect, actual effect and moral effect, and to overcome implementation deficiencies, implementation mistakes and implementa- tion alienation. The basic principles of law enforcement shouldpossessparticularity and responsive- ness, including implementation in accordance with the law, comprehensive implementation, fair im- plementation, good faith implementation, efficiency implementation and modest implementation. Each basic principle includes some specific principles. These basic principles and their specific prin- ciples constitute the jurisprudential community of law enforcement.