编织超交联微孔聚合物的研究进展

Research Progress in Knitting Hypercrosslinked Microporous Polymers

超交联微孔聚合物因具有比表面积高、合成条件温和、单体来源广泛、催化剂廉价易得等优点而得到广泛关注。近年来,作为一种简单有效的新合成策略,外交联"编织"法成为制备超交联微孔聚合物主要方法之一。该方法可以从低官能度化合物制备得到高比表面积和孔径可调控的超交联聚合物,进一步扩大了构筑单体的选择范围,还可降低副产物的危害,为低成本大规模制备超交联聚合物材料提供了可能。本文对编织超交联聚合物的合成方法进行了总结,并对其在形貌控制中的应用、所得编织微孔聚合物的应用(气体储存和分离、催化、有毒物质吸附、药物控制释放、储能、色谱分离、传感以及碳材料前体等)进行了介绍,最后对外交联"编织"法所面临的问题和挑战、发展前景进行了展望。

Hypererosslinked microporous polymers （HCPs） have attracted great attention due to their high surface areas, mild synthetic conditions, abundant building blocks, low cost and easily attainable catalysts. In recent years, knitting strategy with external cross-linker has become a primary method for the preparation of HCPs as a sort of simple, effective and new synthetic strategy. HCPs with high surface areas and tunable porous structures can be prepared by knitting low functionality aromatic compounds, which further expands the range of monomer, eliminates the hazards of by- products and provides possibility to produce large-scale and low cost HCPs. In this review, we summarized novel and general synthetic strategies for the design and synthesis of HCPs. The morphology control of HCPs and applications including gas storage and capture, catalysis, removal of pollutants, drug delivery, energy storage, chromatographic separation, sensing and carbon precursor were also discussed. Finally, we talk about the problems and challenges in the future as well as predict the further development of knitting strategy.