连片特困地区公路运输空间运行特征

Spatial Operation Characteristics of Highway Transport in Concentrated Destitute Areas

连片特困地区公路运输的空间运行特征能够有效表征公路运输的发展规律与瓶颈,并为交通扶贫提供理论依据。为有效辨识区域交通发展瓶颈,并进一步获取公路运输发展对连片特困地区脱贫的影响,在解析公路运输空间运行特征基本内涵的基础上,选取运输量、车辆运输趟次等指标,基于空间分析方法构建了连片特困地区公路运输空间运行特征的提取流程。首先,从空间结构和空间联系2个方面,提取连片特困地区公路运输自身所呈现的空间特征;其次,选择与连片特困地区相邻的较发达地区进行对比,从空间集聚和时空演变2个方面分析其公路运输空间运行特征与较发达地区的差异性;最后,以滇西边境山区为实例,利用2013年、2015年2个时间维度的公路运输数据提取其公路运输空间运行特征,并将提取的特征与云南省经济发展水平相对较高的滇中地区进行对比分析。结果表明:无论在地级市或县域尺度下,连片特困地区的公路运输均具有低需求强度特征,空间集聚效应较弱,并且呈现出"内向型"发展规律;相对于旅客运输,货物运输对连片特困地区公路运输交流的促进作用更为显著,并且在运输联系呈现边缘且孤立特征的沿边地区,公路货物对外运输的增长效应更为突显;促进区域内部公路交通基础设施的互联互通,能够有效提高贫困地区的可持续发展能力。

The spatial operation characteristics of highway transport in the concentrated destitute areas can effectively represent the development rule and bottleneck of highway transport,and provide the theoretical basis for the transport poverty alleviation. In order to effectively identify the bottleneck of regional trasport development,and to obtain the impact of the highway transport development level on the poverty alleviation in the concentrated destitute areas,based on analyzing the connotation of spatial operation characteristics of highway transport,selecting transport volume and the vehicle transport times and other indexes,the process of extracting the spatial operation characteristics of highway transport in the concentrated destitute areas is constructed by spatial analysis method. First, the spatial characteristics of highway transport in the concentrated destitute areas are extracted from the perspective of spatial structure and spatial linkage. Then,comparing with the selected developed areas adjacent to concentrated destitute areas,the differences of spatial operation characteristics in terms of spatial agglomeration and spatial-temporal evolution are analysed.Finally,taking the border mountain area of west Yunnan for example,the spatial operation characteristics of highway transport are extracted based on the data of highway transport in 2013 and 2015, and thecharacteristics is compared with those of the central Yunnan areas which have relatively higher economic development level in Yunnan Province. The result shows that（1） regardless of the city of county scale,there is low demand intensity of highway transport in the concentrated destitute areas,and no obvious agglomeration effect in the spatial distribution,and an ＂inward＂development rule is demonstrated;（2） compared with the passenger transport,the freight transport is more conducive to the transport interactions in the concentrated destitute areas,and the growth effect of highway freight transport is more prominent in the border areas where the transport linkage shows the characteristics of edge and isolation;（3） promotion of the interconnectivity of transport infrastructure of interior destitute areas can effectively improve the sustainable development ability of destitute areas.