黄土高原半干旱区不同颜色地膜对土壤温度的影响

The Change in Soil Temperature in Response to Different Film Mulches in Semiarid Region of the Loess Plateau

【目的】探索不同颜色地膜全年覆盖对土壤温度的影响。【方法】在陕北米脂试验站进行野外试验,分别设置裸地(CK)、白色薄膜(TF)与黑色膜(BF)3种处理,观测不同土层深度的土壤温度随时间的变化规律。【结果】(1)覆膜显著提高土壤温度,白色薄膜垄内土壤温度与黑色膜差异不显著;昼夜温度变化幅度最大的是TF处理,最大温差达到3.74℃;最小的是BF处理,温度变幅只有3.15℃;(2)在0~30 cm土层,夏季TF处理土壤温度变幅最大,冬季最小,春季BF处理最小,秋季TF、BF处理较CK更加明显;冬春季2种覆膜差异显著(P<0.05),BF处理较CK差异不显著;夏秋季2种覆膜土温差异不显著,TF、BF处理与CK差异显著(P<0.05);(3)TF、BF处理土壤温度在45 cm土层以下各土层之间差异不显著,CK在90 cm土层以下各土层之间差异不显著,土壤温度振幅随深度向下减小,在45 cm以上土层BF处理振幅变化小于TF处理,45 cm土层往下BF处理振幅变化最小,BF处理土壤温度变化较为稳定。【结论】综上可知,覆膜可显著提高土壤温度,白色膜在冬、春季覆盖较为适宜,黑色膜在夏、秋季覆盖较为适宜。

【Objective】Mulch could lead to soil temperature rise, thereby affecting plant physiological development. This paper investigated soil temperature change in response to different mulches.【Method】Field experiments were conducted at Mizhi experimental station in Shaanxi Province, with the soil mulched by black film（BF） and white film（TF） respectively; the control was no mulch（CK）. We measured soil temperature change in the experiments.【Result】（1）Mulching considerably increase soil temperature, and the temperature in the raisedbeds was almost the same under the two mulches. The maximum diurnal change in soil temperature was 3.74 ℃and 3.15 ℃.（2）respectively under TF and BF. Under TF, the 0-30 cm soil temperature fluctuated most considerably in winter and least in summer, while under BF it changed most significantly in autumn and least in spring.The temperature change in spring and winder under TF differed significantly from under BF（P〈0.05）, although the difference between CK and BF was insignificant. In summer and autumn, TF and BF significantly increased soil temperature compared to CK（P〈0.05）, whereas the difference between TF and BF was insignificant.（3）Mulch mainly affected the soil temperature up to 45 m, and below 90 cm the temperature under all treatments was almost the same. Soil temperature in 0-45 cm fluctuated more significantly in TF than in BF, while below 45 cm the temperature in BF stabilized.【Conclusion】Soil temperature rose considerably under mulch. In terms of soil temperature, TF is more suitable for winter and spring, while BF works better for summer and autumn.