空军青少年航空学校学员近视防控方案实施的效果评价

Effect evaluation of myopic prevention and control programs for teenager aviation students

目的通过对空军青少年航空学校学员屈光度(diopter,D)复查及近视防控方案实施情况调查,了解航校学员近视防控措施的实施成效,进一步完善保苗、护苗的视力维护措施。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法对空军青少年航校高二学员进行横断面调查,抽取全国青少年航校7个地区280名学员,以D值较差侧眼为依据对样本进行分析[以等效球镜(spherical equivalent refraction,SER)≤-0.5 D视为近视,SER>-0.5D视为非近视],通过问卷调查了解航校学员近视防控措施的实施效果。结果该研究共选取280名学员,近视率为18.57%。经单因素方差分析,7个地区学员屈光值之间差异具有统计学意义(F=5.211,P<0.001),多重Scheffe法比较发现第7区学员D值明显高于第1、2区,差异显著。平时连续读书或写字超过1 h(Z=-2.344,P=0.019),在昏暗台灯或手电照明等情况下读写(Z=-2.217,P=0.027),读写时眼睛与书本的距离(X^2=5.514,P=0.019)差异均具有统计学意义。统计结果显示,导致学员近视的危险因素主要是在昏暗台灯或手电照明等情况下读写、读写时眼睛与书本的距离30 cm,OR值分别是2.838和3.366。结论空军青少年航校近视防控措施取得了相应成效,但需进一步完善,视力维护要重点关注学员的良好用眼习惯,在光照充足的环境中读写,保持健康的用眼距离,可减少近视的发生。

Objective To re-examine the refraction of teenagers aviation school of Air Force（ TASAF） students and evaluate the myopia prevention and control program in order to further improve the eyesight maintenance measures. Methods A cross-sectional survey of these sophomores was conducted using a cluster random sampling method. Totally 280 students of TASAF from 7 regions were selected. Samples were analyzed in which poor reflection in one eye [spherical equivalent refraction（ SER） ≤-0. 5 D was regarded as myopia,SER -0. 5 D as non-myopia]. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the effect of prevention and control measures on these students. Results Among the 280 valid samples of students,myopia rate was 18. 57%. By one-way ANOVA,there was a significant difference between the refractive values of students in seven regions（ F = 5. 211,P〈0. 001）. Multiple Scheffe method found that the difference of reading habits refractive value of students from the 7 th region was significantly higher than in the 1 st and 2 nd regions,and the difference was significant. Usually continuous reading or writing more than 1 hour（ Z =-2. 344,P = 0. 019）,reading and writing under dim lamp or flashlight（ Z =-2. 217,P = 0. 027） and the distance between eyes and books（X^2= 5. 514,P = 0. 019）was significant between these students. The statistical results showed that the main risk factors for myopia were a less than30 cm distance between the eyes and the book when reading or writing,and a dim table lamp or flashlight. OR values were 2. 838 and 3. 366 respectively. Conclusion Myopia prevention and control measures have achieved good results,but more improvement is needed. Vision maintenance should also focuses on students＇ good eye habits,reading and writing in a welllit environment,and maintaining a healthy eye distance in order to reduce the occurrence of myopia.