利益竞争下的政府间事权划分:冲突与化解

Division of Affair Power in Different Governments under the Interest Competition: Conflict and Resolution

利益竞争是政府间事权划分冲突的根源所在。尤其是在中央与地方政府事权划分存在模糊区间的特定情境中,利益竞争引致的事权划分冲突愈发激烈。冲突的原因源于两个层面的解释：一是个体利益论;二是政府利益论。在理性选择的支配下,各利益竞争主体在事权划分中以追逐利益最大化为行为目标,并试图选择有利于自身的利益格局。但由于利益需求的多样性以及客观情景的复杂性,却导致格局选择后的不同的冲突结果——职能配置格局与事权冲突、事权责任格局与事权冲突、基本公共服务归属格局与事权冲突。基于利益竞争的客观存在性与不可避免性这一前提,化解冲突的路径则为优化职能配置、调整事权责任、完善转移支付和适时立法。

Interest competition is the root of the conflict of the intergovernmental division of authority. Especially in the specific situation where there is a fuzzy interval between the central and local government division of authority,the conflict of interests caused by the competition is becoming more and more intense. The cause of the conflict comes from two levels of explanation： one is the theory of individual interests; the second is the theory of government interests. Under the domination of rational choice,the interests of the main competition in the division of authority are to the pursuit of maximizing as the behavior target,and try to choose their own interests in favor of the pattern. But because of the diversity of interest demand and the complexity of objective scenarios,leading to the different results of the conflict after the selection of the pattern—— the conflict about function allocation pattern and authority,authority responsibility pattern and authority,basic public service attribution pattern and authority. Based on the premise of objective existence and inevitability of interest competition,the path of conflict resolution is to optimize the function allocation,adjust the responsibility of the authority,perfect the transfer payment and timely legislation.