“德”与“智”的现代转型：现代新儒家思想中的理性主义

The Modern Transformation of Morality and Wisdom:Rationalism in Neo-Confucian Thoughts

中国近现代学术思想转型过程中对"科学性"与科学精神的重视可溯至西方启蒙运动中理性主义思潮。西方理性主义作为一种形而上的知识哲学在近代中国思想界的本土化发展很大程度取决于中国学术土壤里与之相应的传统思想资源。本文选取现代"新儒家"学术群体中具有西方理性主义特征之思想为主体,旨在探索中国近、现代学术思想中理性主义的形态。尽管受到西方哲学,尤其启蒙时期以来的德国哲学影响,西学东渐的接受范式仅仅为新儒家构建理性主义思想提供了框架。中国传统思想资源里的以道德实践为最后的"德"与"智"——德性与智性——取代了西方狭义理性主义范畴对立于外部经验的内在"理性",成为中国当代理性主义思想的核心概念。现代新儒家注重西方哲学的抽象思维和科学精神,将西方理性主义在中国传统思想资源与思维模式中进行重构,以实现传统儒学道德观和知识论的现代转型。

In the modern transformation process of Chinese scholarship, the focus on ＂science＂ and scientific method can date back to the wave of Rationalist thoughts during the European Enlightenment.As a form of metaphysical epistemology, the domestication of the Western school of Rationalism in China is largely determined by the corresponding Chinese philosophical tradition.This essay aims to draw out certain configurations of western Rationalism in modern Chinese philosophy and scholarship by examining traces of Rationalist thoughts in the School of Neo -Confucianism. Despite the influence of western philosophy, especially of German philosophy since Enlightenment, the ＂eastward＂ reception mode of western knowledge has merely provided the cadre for the Neo - Confucianists to reconstruct their Rationalism.The traditional Chinese concept of ＂de＂ （morality） and ＂zhi＂ （wisdom）, which is essentially steered by moral practices, replaces the strictly western concept of inner ＂rationality＂-as the opposite of the ＂empirical＂ outside-to become the central notion of modern Chinese Rationalism.FolIowing the abstract mode of logic and scientific methods of Western Philosophy, Neo -Confucianists manage to reconstruct Rationalism within the traditional storage of Chinese philosophy to accomplish the modern transformation of traditional Confucianist ethics and epistemology.