高校扩招对高等教育机会平等的影响——基于断点回归设计的经验证据

The Impact of Tertiary Education Expansion on Education Opportunity Equality——An Empirical Study Based on Regression Discontinuity Design

高校扩招政策的实行,为更多的学生提供了接受高等教育的机会,但该政策是否促进了高等教育的平等性,在学术界始终没有定论。文章采用断点回归设计的思想,利用CGSS2010年和CGSS2013年的数据分析发现:在整个高等教育中,高校扩招政策的确缓解了城乡、不同阶层之间的教育机会不平等;但进一步的分析显示,在本科教育中,扩招政策并未减少不平等,甚至拉大了不同阶层获取教育的机会,说明更高质量的高等教育中的不平等不仅没有下降,反而上升。

In recent years,the expansion of tertiary education policy gives more participants access to tertiary education. Meanwhile,the debate over whether the expansion of tertiary education affects education equality is still heating. In this paper,we adopt the regression discontinuity design to analysis the relationship between education expansion and equality,using the data of CGSS2010 and CGSS2013. The study shows that the expansion policy has reduced the social classes difference and urban-rural inequality in the whole tertiary education. However,further analysis reveals that the expansion policy does not reduce the inequality in undergraduate education. Moreover,it has intensified the inequity between different classes,which indicates that inequality in high-quality tertiary education has been increased rather than decreased.