中国传统的社群正义观念:主要特征与社会根源

Chinese Traditional Conception of Community Justice:Characteristics and Social Causes

民众正义观念是普通民众内心中所持有的、用来衡量社会资源的分配状况是否合理的"标尺"。如果以社会成员结合形式的不同为划分标准,民众正义观念可以分为社群正义和社会正义两种类型,两者在主体、客体、原则,以及比较对象选择等维度上具有明显差异,分别对应着传统与现代两种不同的社会形态和社会结构。社会的现代化必然会要求社群正义向社会正义观念的转型,而只有系统比较当前的正义观念与传统社群正义观念之间的差别,才能全面了解正义观念的现代化程度及其影响因素。系统"还原"传统社群正义观念的主要特征、阐释其社会根源具有极为重要的意义,这不仅是测量当前的民众正义观念在现代化的道路上究竟走了多远的前提,也是正义观念现代转型问题研究的"原点"。

The popular justice concept is the criterion of ordinary people to measure the distribution of social resources. Based on the combination of social members, popular justice concept can be divided into two types： communityjustice and social justice. There are obvious differences in dimensions such as subject, object, principle and choice of comaprative reference, which correspond to two different social forms and social structures of tradition and modernity. The modemization of society requires the transformation of community justice to the concept of social justice. Only by comparing the differences between the current justice concept and the traditional community justice concept, can we fully understand the degree of modernization of the justice concept and its influencing factors. ＂Restoring＂ the main characteristics of the tradtional community justice concept, explaining its social root is of great significance, they are not only the premise to measure the modernization of current popular justice concept, but also the ＂origin＂ of the study on modem transformation of justice concept.