三种猎物对异色瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响

Effects of three prey species on development and oviposition of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)

为探究取食不同猎物对异色瓢虫实验种群动态的影响,本文利用生命表技术研究了桃蚜、豆蚜和豌豆修尾蚜对异色瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,异色瓢虫取食豌豆修尾蚜的整个成虫前期历时最长,为20.20d,雌虫寿命最短,为51.70d,单雌产卵量最低,为704.00粒;而取食豆蚜的成虫前期历时最短,为17.89d,雌虫寿命最长,为69.87d,单雌产卵量最高,为1 175.48粒;取食桃蚜的异色瓢虫各生物学参数与取食豆蚜的结果相类似。根据取食不同猎物异色瓢虫各发育阶段的存活率和成虫的繁殖力,组建了生殖力生命表,发现取食豌豆修尾蚜的内禀增长率(rm)、净增殖率(R0)和周限增长率(λ)最低,分别为0.006、300.312和1.123;取食豆蚜和桃蚜的rm、R0和λ均高于取食豌豆修尾蚜的结果。综合试验结果和实际饲养情况,豆蚜可作为饲养异色瓢虫更适宜的食物。

In order to explore the population dynamics of Harmonia axyridis（Pallas）,the effects of Myzus persicae（Sulzer）,Aphis craccivora Koch and Megoura japonica（Matsumura）on the development and oviposition of H.axyridis were studied by using life table method.The results indicated that the longest developmental duration of the premature stage of H.axyridis fed on M.japonica was 20.20 d;the shortest longevity was 51.70 d,and the lowest fecundity was 704.00 eggs/female.In contrast,the shortest developmental duration of the premature stage,the longest longevity and the highest fecundity were 17.89 d,69.87 d and 1 175.48 eggs/female,respectively,when A.craccivora was used as prey.The experimental results for M.persicae were similar to those for A.craccivora.According to the survival rate and fecundity of H.axyridis fed on different preys,the life table of fecundity was constructed.We found that the intrinsic rate of increase（rm）,net reproductive rate（R_0）and finite rate of increase（λ）were the lowest when M.japonica was used as prey,which were 0.006,300.312 and 1.123,respectively.However,the rm,R_0 and λ values of H.axyridis fed on M.persicae and A.craccivora were higher than those of H.axyridis fed on M.japonica.These results suggest that A.craccivorais a more suitable prey for mass production of H.axyridis under laboratory conditions.