2013-2017年贵州省鼠疫监测结果分析

Analysis of plague monitoring results from 2013 to 2017 in Gnizhou Province

目的分析2013—2017年贵州省鼠疫疫源地监测结果，掌握当地鼠疫疫情动态，为制订防控措施提供依据。方法采用回顾性分析方法，收集2013—2017年贵州省兴义市、安龙县、册亨县、兴仁县、盘县、六枝特区、思南县、德江县和沿河县9个监测点的鼠疫监测数据，分析贵州省鼠疫疫情。结果2013—2017年，贵州省未检出鼠疫F1抗原和F1抗体。室内共捕获鼠类动物3575只，以黄胸鼠为优势种，占49．99％（1787／3575），褐家鼠和小家鼠为常见种，分别占35．64％（1274／3575）和11．36％（406／3575）；室内鼠密度为3．48％（3575／102641），不同年份鼠密度比较差异无统计学意义（x2=3．655，P〉0．05）。室外捕获鼠类动物1674只，黄胸鼠为优势种，占34．29％（574／1674），斯氏家鼠和褐家鼠为常见种，分别占18．28％（306／1674）和13．20％（221／1674）；室外鼠密度为1．67％（1674／100180），不同年份鼠密度比较差异无统计学意义（x2=6．241，P〉0．05）。共检查鼠类动物9541只，检出带蚤鼠类2270只，鼠体染蚤率为23．79％，鼠体蚤指数为1．0194，印鼠客蚤为优势蚤种，指数为0．5573。结论贵州省鼠疫疫源地处于静息状态，应加强鼠疫监测工作，做好健康教育，严防发生鼠疫流行。

Objective To analyze the monitoring results on plague from 2013 to 2017 in Guizhou Province, to master the epidemic dynamics of the plague and to provide a basis for developing countermeasures. Methods Using a retrospective analysis method, plague monitoring data from 9 monitoring sites in Xingyi City, Anlong County, Ceheng County, Xingren County, Pan County, Liuzhi Special Zone, Si＇ nan County, Dejiang County and Yanhe County in Guizhou Province from 2013 - 2017 were collected and analyzed. Results In 2013 - 2017, there were no plague F1 antigen and F1 antibody. A total of 3 575 murine animals were captured indoors, with Rattus norvegicus as the dominant species, accounting for 49.99% （1 787/3 575）. Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus were common species, accounting for 35.64% （1 274/3 575） and 11.36% （406/3 575）, respectively; the density of indoor rat was 3.48%（3 575/102 641）, there was no significant difference in rat density between different years （X2 = 3.655, P 〉 0.05）. A total of 1 674 murine animals were captured outdoors, and the Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, accounting for 34.29% （574/1 674）. S. serrata and Rattus norvegicus were common species, accounting for 18.28% （306/1 674） and 13.20% （221/1 674） , respectively; the density of outdoor rat was 1.67% （1 674/100 180）, there was no significant difference in rat density between different years （X2 = 6.241, P 〉 0.05）. A total of 9 541 murine animals were examed and 2 270 rats with flea were detected, the flea infestation rate of rat was 23.79%, the rat body flea index was 1.019 4, Xenopsylla cheopi was the dominant flea species and the index was 0.557 3. Conclusions The plague natural focus of Guizhou is at a quiescent stage. The plague monitoring work should be strengthened, health education should be done well, and plague epidemics should be strictly prevented.