中国部分省市大学生性教育现状与性行为影响因素分析

Sex education status and influencing factors of sexual behavior among college students in 15 provinces of China

目的了解中国15省市大学生性教育现状与影响因素,为制定合适的健康教育策略提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,在全国15个省、直辖市、自治区的60所普通高等学校中抽取7 574名大学,采用问卷调查性教育和性行为情况。结果 85.5%的学生接受过性教育,16.0%的学生发生过性行为,其中最近一次性行为未使用安全套的占27.4%。大学生性行为的多因素Logistic回归分析表明,男生(OR=2.84)、中年级(OR=1.95)和高年级(OR=2.54)、艺术与体育类专业(OR=2.61)、已婚(OR=4.16)、未婚有恋人(OR=4.17)以及接受非常多的性生理教育(OR=1.72)预测了更容易发生性行为;医科专业(OR=0.65)、上大学之前生活在农村(OR=0.69)以及从小学(OR=0.61)开始接受预防艾滋病教育预测了相对不容易发生性行为。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,中年级(OR=0.65),未婚有恋人(OR=0.72),小学(OR=0.29)、初中(OR=0.36)、高中(OR=0.29)、大学(OR=0.19)开始接受预防艾滋病教育以及初中(OR=0.66)、大学(OR=0.51)开始接受性教育是最近一次性行为使用安全套的保护因素。结论大学生目前的性教育仍然不足,接受性教育和预防艾滋病教育的学段和内容影响性行为发生和安全套使用。

Objective To investigate the status of sex education and the influences of sexual behavior among college students in 15 provinces of China, and to provide evidences for relevant interventions. Methods A total of 7 574 undergraduate students were selected from 60 colleges in 15 provinces from municipalities and autonomous regions in China by convenient sampling method and were interviewed by questionnaires. Results A total of 85.5% of the students received sex education, 16.0% reported the experience of sexual behavior, of which 27.4% did not use condoms most recently. Compared to female, male students（ OR =2.84, 95%CI = 2.44-3.30） was the promoting factor of sexual behavior. Compared to junior grade, intermediate grade（ OR = 1.95,95% CI = 1.62-2.33） and senior grade（ OR = 2.54, 95%CI = 2.14-3.02） were more likely to have sexual behavior. Compared to the students majoring liberal arts, professional of arts and sports（ OR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.98-3.44） was also the promoting factor of sexual behavior. Students who were married（ OR = 4.16, 95%CI = 2.55-6.79） and with lover（ OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 3.59-4.83） and acquisition of ＂very much＂（ OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.23-2.40） of sexual physiological education were more likely to have sexual behavior. Professional of medical（ OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.53-0.80）, living in ＂countryside＂（ OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.55-0.86） before college, and receiving HIV/AIDS prevention education since ＂primary school＂（ OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40-0.94） —that is, beginning to receive HIV/AIDS prevention education early—were the protective factors of sexual behavior. The results also revealed that the intermediate grade（ OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.46-0.93）, unmarried but with lovers（ OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0. 54-0. 96）, accepting HIV/AIDS prevention education since ＂primary school＂（ OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.14-0.59）, ＂ middle school＂（ OR = 0.36, 95% CI =0.18-0.70）, ＂high school＂（ OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.14-0.60）, and ＂college＂（ OR = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.08-0.45）, and accepting sex education since ＂middle school＂（ OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.45-0.97） and ＂university＂（ OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.27-0.95） were the protective factors of using condoms in the most recently sexual behavior. Conclusion The current sex education of college students is still insufficient, and sexual behavior and condom use can be affected by the learning stage and content of the sex and HIV/AIDS prevention education.