白城市农村中小学生2012—2017年营养状况分析

Analysis of nutritional status of rural primary and secondary school students in rural area of Baicheng City from 2012 to 2017

目的了解吉林省白城市农村6~18岁中小学生2012—2017年间的营养状况,为改善农村中小学生营养状况提供科学依据。方法 2012—2017年在吉林省白城市3个县(市)(大安市、通榆县、镇赉县)采取多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取32 949名学生,进行身高、体重的测量。结果 2012—2017年白城市农村中小学生营养不良检出率平均为5.80%,超重检出率平均为12.97%,肥胖检出率平均为12.46%;男生营养不良率和超重、肥胖率(6.3%,14.8%,14.7%)均高于女生(5.3%,11.0%,10.1%),差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为41.57,165.34,220.15,P值均<0.05);2012—2017年中小学生营养不良率呈逐年下降趋势,超重、肥胖率呈逐年升高趋势。结论白城市农村中小学生营养不良率逐年下降,超重和肥胖率均逐年上升。应采取有效措施改善营养不良、超重及肥胖现状。

Objective To understand the changes of nutritional status among primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 in rural area of Baicheng in Jilin Province from 2012 to 2017, and to provide a scientific basis for further improving the nutritional status of rural primary and secondary school students in Baicheng. Methods From 2012 to 2017, 32 949 students from 3 cities and counties（ Da＇an, Tongyu and Zhenlai） in Baicheng City of Jilin Province were sampled by multistage stratified cluster sampling to measure height and weight and to make data analysis. Results From 2012 to 2017, the average malnutrition detection rate was 5.80%, the average overweight detection rate was 12.97%, the average detection rate of obesity was 12.46%. Boys had higher malnutrition rates and overweight/obesity rates than girls, the differences were statistically significant（ χ^2= 41.57, 165.34, 220.15,P〈0.05）; the malnutrition rates of primary and middle school students were decreasing year by year from 2012 to 2017, the rate of overweight and obesity was increasing year by year. Conclusion Further effective measures should be taken to reduce malnutrition, overweight and obesity rates of primary and middle school students.