山东省小学生家庭烟草暴露与学习成绩的关系

Household exposure of tobacco smoke and academic performance among elementary school students

目的探讨小学生家长吸烟与孩子学习成绩的关系,为有效开展家庭控烟工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在山东省东、中、西部各抽取1个市作为监测市,每个监测市随机抽取农村、城市小学各2所,使用自行编制的调查问卷,对三至六年级的5 861名小学生及其家长进行自填匿名调查。结果 49.9%的小学生家中有人吸烟,其中隔代家庭高(63.3%)。家庭烟草暴露是学生成绩的影响因素,有家庭被动吸烟的学生学习成绩较差的报告率高于无家庭被动吸烟的学生(Z=-4.21,P<0.01);每周被动吸烟的天数越多,成绩中下和较差的越多,差异有统计学意义(r=0.14,P<0.01)。结论家庭烟草暴露会对子女的学习成绩产生负面影响。烟草暴露对学生的伤害是多方面的,特别是思维、情绪、性格等隐形、长远的伤害容易被忽视。学生的控烟研究和宣传内容应注意多角度、多层次推进。

Objective To investigate the relationship between household exposure to tobacco smoke with academic performance among elementary school students in Shandong province. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to investigate 5 861 students and their families in 3 different cities. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted by trained investigators. Results The household passive smoking behaviors was 49.7% and the rate was highest in the next generation families. The results suggested that tobacco exposure in the home may be one of associated factors influencing academic performance. Students exposed in household tobacco smoke had poorer academic performance than those who did not expose. Moreover,the longer the exposure during a week, the higher risk of ＂below average＂ or ＂poor＂ academic performance. Conclusion Indoor tobacco exposure leads to reduced academic achievement of children, as well as other negligible adverse impacts on thinking, emotion and character. Multilevel and progressive school-based student tobacco prevention programs are expected.