外泌体：肿瘤诊断新型标志物

Exosomes： new markers for tumor diagnosis

外泌体是一类由细胞释放的直径为30～150nm的天然微囊泡，包含与来源和功能相关的生物活性分子，可以在细胞间和组织间进行信息传递，是细胞间通讯的重要介质。外泌体介导的信息传递参与调控机体的生理功能及病理状态，在肿瘤的发生发展过程中起着重要作用。本文综述了近年来外泌体在肿瘤研究领域的进展，分别从起源及生物学功能、分析检测方法和肿瘤诊治等方面选行阗述。（中华检验医学杂志．2018，41：491-495）

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles, which range in size from 30 to 150 nm, and are released under physiological and pathological conditions. The content of exosomes reflects the origin and function of cells. As a form of intercellular vesicular transport, exosome-mediated intercellular communication participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The information transmission mediated by exosomes is associated with pathophysiological status and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. This review summarizes the research progress of exosomes, including the origin and biological functions, the detection methods, the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. （ Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41： 491-495）