城市社会心理学视野下社区心理学与社区心理服务

Community psychology and community psychological service in the perspective of urban social psychology

我国的城市社区可分为以居民委员会为基础的政治型社区、党政机关事业单位自建的管理型社区、城乡接合部农村居民拆迁安置形成的社会型社区、房地产开发自由购置形成的经济型社区四类。每种类型社区居民的身份、行业、职业、民俗、传统存在巨大差异。作为城市社会心理学分支的中国本土社区心理学,不仅需要借鉴西方社区心理学的成熟理论和实践经验,更需要着重研究文化传统与社区居民共同的心理特征和个体心理差异,并以文化差异为线索,建构中国本土社区心理学体系。社区心理服务不仅仅是个体心理咨询,更应该经常性组织开展心理教育活动和团体辅导活动,注重家庭心理危机的预防和个体心理危机的援助,其中人际关系沟通和协调是社区心理学的重点研究课题。

City communities in China can be divided into 4 different types which are political community based on residents＇ committee,management community created by party and government institutions,social community in rural-urban fringe zone and economic community by house purchase.There is a huge difference in each type of community in aspects of identity,industry,occupation,customs and traditions.China local community psychology as the city branch of the social psychology,not only need to learn from the mature theory and practice experience of community psychology in the west,but also need to focus on traditional culture and community common psychological characteristics and individual differences.The construction of China local community psychology system is based on these cultural differences.Community service is not only the individual psychological counseling.We should regularly organize the activity of mental education and counseling activities and pay attention to the family psychological crisis prevention and psychological crisis assistance.Interpersonal communication and coordination is the key research topic of community psychology.