《地下人,或当代英雄》中莫斯科的“格式塔”解读

An interpretation of Moscow's Gestalt in the Underground,or a hero of our time

当我们创造性地将"格式塔"与城市结合起来,就是用"格式塔"心理学来诠释城市意象的深层蕴含。在《地下人,或当代英雄》中,极权主义的渊薮和"第二巴比伦"是莫斯科社会空间的"格式塔",凸显了俄罗斯传统文化受到现代性侵蚀的本质,莫斯科沦落为"死亡之城"。而莫斯科自然空间的"格式塔"却天赋着"圣城"的文化意蕴,始终回响着"莫斯科即第三罗马"在不同时代的变奏。显然,莫斯科自然空间的"格式塔"与社会空间的"格式塔"互为矛盾,莫斯科由"永恒之城"逐渐坍塌为"死亡之城"。然而,马卡宁在文本中塑造了彼得罗维奇等追求精神自由的"地下人"形象,昭示着莫斯科将挣脱死亡之城的禁锢,再现"基捷日城"的光耀。

When we creatively combine the Gestalt with the city,we use Gestalt psychology to interpret the deep implication of the city image.In the Underground,or a Hero of our Time,the nest of totalitarian and the＂second Babylon＂are contained in the Gestalt of Moscow＇s social space,showing that the Russian traditional culture is eroded by modernity.Moscow is becoming the city of the dead.While the Gestalt of Moscow＇s natural space is blessed with the cultural implication of＂Holy city＂,echoing the variation of＂Moscow is the third Rome＂in different times.Obviously,the Gestalt of natural space and the Gestalt of social space in Moscow contradicts each other.Moscow gradually collapsed from ＂eternal city＂into ＂city of death＂.However,Makanin created the image of＂the Undergoundman＂,such as Pietro Valerie Chi,who sought spiritual freedom in the novel.This unique character image suggests that Moscow will be revived and the legend of the city of Kitezh will reappear.