重构真实与迈向无限——卡维林《匪巢末日》中的泛现实主义与伦理跨越

Reconstructing reality and moving towards infinity: Pan-realism and ethics leap in Kaverin's The End of the Bandits' Lair

在小说《匪巢末日》中,卡维林通过不改变犯罪小说模式,而置换其内在真实观的方法,最终完成了"新经典"的塑造。卡维林树立的范式一再为1921年后肩负小说复兴重任的俄罗斯当代作家所借鉴,而现实主义则作为一种协调人与世界关系的有效手段重新迈入人们的视野,逐渐接近"一种不断前进的永恒现象"。本文通过阐释《匪巢末日》中现实主义的三种变形,揭示卡维林是如何切断通俗犯罪小说与传统现实主义小说的内部关联,并最终实现作品内涵和人文关怀之阈值最大化的。对该问题的研究不仅有助于认清当代作家在制造"新经典"过程中所面临的普遍障碍,更重要的是提供了一种未被发现的"真实观",以此为线索人与周遭世界的关系在当下有望得到重新诠释。

In his novel The End of the Bandits' Lair,Kaverin finally completes the shaping of "new clas-sics"by replacing the inner view of reality without changing the traditional mode of criminal novels. The paradigm which he established has been taken as an example more than once by those Russian contemporary writers,who bear the burden of reviving fiction after 1921. Meanwhile,realism,as an effective way to coordinate the relationship between individual and the world around him,has again come into sight and gradually become "a phenomenon constantly on the move". By means of analyzing three variants of realism in The End of the Bandits' Lair,this paper reveals in what way Kaverin cut off the inner relationship between popular crime novels and traditional realistic novels and achieved the maximization on both levels of connotation and huma-nism. The study of the problem not only helps to recognize the general obstacles faced by contemporary writers in the process of creating "new classics",but more importantly,provides an unrevealed "view of reality",by which the relationship between human and the world around him is expected to be reinterpreted.