大众创新创业政策发展评估——基于政策工具、创新创业周期、政策层级

Chinese Public Innovation and Entrepreneurship Policies,Development: An Evaluation Based on Policy tools,Innovation and Entrepreneurship Cycles,Policy Levels

本文基于基本政策工具、创新创业周期和政策层级三个维度构建了大众创新创业政策评估框架,以全国人大、国务院以及工信部、人社部、农业部等部委发布的61份政策文件为研究样本,通过收集、编码、统计等程序对政策进行了定量化的评估研究。结果表明:在供给面政策工具使用中,政府在技术支持和资金投入方面的支持力度薄弱,很多行之有效的需求面政策工具如政府采购、服务外包等没有被采用;衰退期企业仅使用人才培养、法规管制、策略性措施这三个政策工具,尚未发挥需求面政策工具的拉动作用;国家发展改革委是联合发文的主要部门,但协同颁布的政策力度低,实施期限短。

Based on the basic policy tools, innovation and entrepreneurship cycles as well as policy levels, the three-dimensional eval-uation framework of China^ public innovation and entrepreneurship policy was constructed. On the basis of the 61 policies issued by the National Peopled Congress, the State Council, the Ministry of industry, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture and other ministries,using content analysis method, we evaluated the policies quantitatively by collecting, en-coding and statistically analyzing the policy texts. The results show that ： firstly, in the use of supply side policy tools, the government acts weakly in the technical support and funding support, and many effective demand policy tools such as government procurement and service outsourcing are not used; secondly, the enterprises in recession only use three policy tools of talent cultivation, regulatory control and strategic measures, and there is still a lot of room for the stimulating role of demand side policy tools to play; thirdly, the De-velopment and Reform Cominission is the main branch of the joint post of the related policy, but the strength of the collaborative policies is limited and the implementation term is short.