欧盟碳市场MRV制度体系及其对中国的启示

Study on EU ETS MRV System and the Enlightenments for China

碳核查(MRV)制度体系目的是保证温室气体排放数据的真实性、准确性和可靠性,因此被公认为是支撑碳交易市场可持续发展的基石。欧盟碳市场已经建立了一套比较完整的系统化的碳核查制度体系,本文全面阐述了欧盟碳市场的核查(MRV)相关法律法规、运行机制、监督及处罚制度、成员国协调措施及信息公开等多方面制度建设特点和成果,鉴于中国即将全面启动统一的碳交易市场,碳核查体系将面临诸多挑战,借鉴欧盟的成功经验,文章从政策法规体系、技术支撑体系、能力建设和市场化等方面提出建议。

The goal of a Carbon Monitoring, Reporting and Verification（ MRV） system is to guarantee the authenticity, accuracy and reliability of the data about GHG emissions. Therefore, MRV is recognized as the cornerstone of sustainable development in carbon emission trading system （ETS） market. The European Union （EU） ETS has established a relatively comprehensive and systematic MRV system. This paper comprehensively reviewed and described the characteristics and achievements of the EU carbon MRV system in terms of its legal regulation, operation mechanism, supervision and punishment system, coordination measures of member countries and information disclosure policy. The Chinese carbon MRV system will face many challenges in view of China＇s full launch of a unified carbon trading market. Drawing from the successful experiences of the EU ETS market, this article made recommendations on the policy and regulatory system, technical support system, capacity-building, and marketization in national carbon ETS market.