大规模工业机器人应用与异质性技能劳动力之间的替代互补关系

The Substitution and Complementarity Between Large-Scale Application of Industrial Robot and Heterogeneous Skilled Labor Force

本文研究了工业机器人应用对异质性技能劳动力变化的结构效应,理论分析显示:工业机器人技术进步促使它加快对传统物质资本以及低技能劳动力的替代,并与高技能劳动力形成互补关系,增加对其需求。利用21个国家和地区在1990—2015年的经验数据分析证实了上述推论:即工业机器人应用数量增加10%,则低技能劳动力需求在所有劳动力中的比重将下降0.64%。而高等、中等技能劳动力需求在所有劳动力中的比重将分别提高0.26%、0.38%。本文进一步分析了工业机器人应用对不同类型劳动力收入份额变化的影响,并提出减少工业机器人应用负面冲击的政策建议。

This paper studied the structural effects of industrial robots on heterogeneous skilled labor. The theoretical analysis of this pa-per showed that technological advances in industrial robots had enabled it to speed up the substitution of traditional material capital and low skilled labor force, and form complementary relations with highly skilled workforce to increase their demand. The empirical analysis of 21 countries and regions data from 1990 to 2015 coniirmed the above corollary： the number of applications of the robot industry increased by 10%, while low skilled labor demand in all the proportion of labor declined by 0. 64% ; the proportion of highly skilled labor and medium skilled labor needs increased by 0. 26% and 0. 38% in all the labor force, respectively. This paper further analyzed the impact of industrial robots on the change of income share of different types of labor force, and put forward some policy suggestions to reduce the negative impact of industrial robots.