高校场域对学生疫苗接种的影响

The influence of university environment on students' vaccination

目的:关注非个体性因素造成的高校疫苗接种集体差异,从案例入手分析学校场域对学生疫苗接种的影响机制。方法:采用案例对比分析法,对乙肝疫苗接种率差异巨大的S学院A、B两班(87.5%和0%)进行深入探究。以方便抽样法在A、B两班各抽取6名学生开展半结构式访谈,并对场域内各级权威代表进行访谈,运用扎根理论进行资料分析。结果:通过案例对比研究,发现传统认为的个体疾病认知、疫苗价格、既往疫苗接种史等影响因素并不能解释两群体接种率的差异。在高校学生免疫接种行为中,A、B两班受到培养方式、班级氛围、信息递送等因素综合影响,形成有利于或不利于疫苗接种决策的场域特征。当疫苗接种信息通过不同场域时,受到既定特征场域的影响,指导个体的行为决策。结论:管理灵活、氛围融洽且有沟通交流惯习的场域和加强信息递送中权威媒介的作用,更利于高校学生做出接种决策,建议针对高校场域特点改善现有的疫苗接种策略。

Objective：This study focused on the students＇ different decisions on vaccination caused by thecontexts of college environment and aimed to use qualitative method to investigate how different fields affectstudents＇ decisions. Methods： Using case contrast x analysis, we carried out in-depth research on class A andB in college S with significant difference in the rate of hepatitis B vaccination（87.5% and 0%, respectively）.Using the convenient sampling method, 6 students from each class were selected to conduct semi-structuralinterview, and the authoritative representatives at all levels in the field were interviewed, and the data wereanalyzed with the grounded theory. Results： By comparing two typical cases, this study found that conventionalfactors such as knowledge about disease, and price of vaccine could not explain the huge gap between the twogroups. Instead, a class would form a vaccine-favorable or vaccine-unfavorable field because of differences ininformation transmission, class atmosphere, as well as curriculum design, and then led college students to makedifferent decisions on vaccination. When the vaccination information passed through different fields, it wasinfluenced by the established characteristic field to guide the individual＇s behavior decision. Conclusion： Wefound that flexible management, harmonious atmosphere, communication habits and authoritative media willpromote college students to make vaccination decisions. It is suggested to improve the existing vaccinationstrategy in light of the characteristics of the university field.