施工安全事故致因机理与案例数据统计

Construction Safety Accident-Causing Mechanism and Statistical Analysis Based on Case Data

当前我国工程建设行业安全生产事故发生仍然较多,施工安全生产管理仍存在较多不足。为强化施工安全管理,降低事故发生率,以系统思想和事故致因理论为基础,分析施工安全事故致因机理并结合案例数据进行统计分析。从组织管理、技术管理、资源保障、教育培训和应急救援5个方面,对施工安全事故致因进行归纳和分类。通过收集2005~2016年间我国571起施工安全事故案例报告和相关资料,分析各起事故发生的原因,统计各项事故致因出现的频数和频率,划分关键、次关键和一般事故致因。揭示了组织管理、技术管理存在缺陷最多,违规作业最易诱发事故等规律。并针对关键致因提出了相应对策,可为改进施工安全管理提供参考。

At present, there are still many safety accidents in the construction industry of China, reflecting the deficiencies in construction safety management. In order to enhance construction safety management and reduce accident rate, this paper analyzed the causes of construction safety accidents based on system thinking and accident-causing theory. From five aspects of management （i.e., organization, technical, resource guarantee, education, and emergency rescue）, the causes of construction safety accidents were summarized and classified. Through collecting the reports and related data from 571 construction accident cases from 2005 to 2016, the frequency of occurrence of different causes were calculated. Based on these analyses, the causes of accidents were classified into three levels： critical, sub-critical, and general. This study revealed that the majority of safety defects exist in organization and technical management aspects, and rules violation always incur accidents. Finally, the corresponding measurements for controlling the key causes of accidents were proposed, which can provide references for improving construction safety management.