社区治理中基层政府与社会组织关系探讨——中国台湾M县“村里”与“社区发展协会”案例研究

Exploration on the Relationship between Grassroots Governments and Social Organizations in Community Governance:Case Study on the “Village” and “Community Development Association” in M County,Taiwan,China

中国共产党的19大报告提出"推动社会治理重心向基层下移",就是说,在社会治理中要特别加强基层社区治理的工作。本文通过对台湾M县的案例研究,分析了中国台湾基层社会治理、基层社区治理的历史演变过程。本研究指出,台湾的基层社会治理主要可以分为两大参与主体,其一是作为居民参与载体的"社区发展协会",其二则是发挥政府基层行政功能的"村里"机构,两者在基层社区治理中发挥着不同的作用与功能。在两者互助合作的前提之下,台湾的基层社会治理往往能够良好地运作,但是,当两者发生冲突与竞争关系的时候,基层社会治理又往往遇到很多难题。最后,本文还从对基层社区治理的重视、基层政府与社会组织关系、政府与社会调节的关系和如何实现社区居民自治等四个方面,比较了中国大陆与台湾的基层社会治理的特点。

The government work report delivered at the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to ＂shift the focus of social governance to grassroots organizations＂, that is, grassroots community governance should be highlighted in social governance. Based on the case study of M County, Taiwan, this article analyzes the historical evolution of grassroots social governance and grassroots community governance in Taiwan, China. According to this study, the grassroots social governance of Taiwan has two major participants, namely, the ＂community development association＂ which is the carrier of residents＇ participation and the ＂village＂ as the grassroots administration of the government. They have played different roles and performed functions in grassroots community governance. The grassroots social governance of Taiwan can usually run well when they cooperate with each other, but when they conflict and compete with each other, the grassroots social governance usually meets many difficulties. Finally, this article also compared the characteristics of the grassroots social governance in China's Mainland and Taiwan from four aspects, namely, emphasis on grassroots community governance, relationship between grassroots governments and social organizations, relationship between governments and social adjustment, as well as how to realize self-governance of community residents.