参照经验与综合情境:对河北定州农民种地实践的一种解释

Reference Experience and Comprehensive Circumstances:An Interpretation to Peasant's Farming Practice in Dingzhou

在农民种地实践和行动逻辑方面有"道义小农"和"经济理性"的经典理论。这一经典论述成为部分研究者探讨当代中国农民行动逻辑的理论基础。但"道义小农"与"经济理性"的理论可作为分析工具,却不应成为我们对农民认识的限制。本文在田野调查的基础上提出,农民在种地实践中是否改变自己的种地行为,既非完全受生存伦理制约,也非完全由经济理性影响,而是在充分考虑参照经验基础上进行的选择,其所遵循的是一种实践逻辑。现实经验提醒我们要关注农民身处的综合情境,关注不同农村和农民所处具体环境的特殊性,这样才能更好地认识中国当代农民的农业实践活动及农业现代化的转型过程。

＂Moral economy＂ and ＂economic rationality＂ are both classic theories to interpret peasants＇ farming tendency. They became theoretical basis of discussions about contemporary peasant＇s logic in farming performance. This article argues that those theories can be used as analytical tools, but should not be restriction to our understanding of peasants. ＂Moral economy＂ or ＂economic rationality＂ cannot fully explain the logic that guiding peasants＇ agricultural behavior. Their farming performances are based on fully concern about reference experience. It is the logic of practice which guides peasants＇ agricultural be- havior. This suggests us that we should pay attention to the comprehensive circumstances which peasants faced with. Thus we can get a better understanding of the contemporary Chinese peasants and also China＇s agricuhural modernization.