小国在联合国中的制度性权力探析

An Analysis of the Institutional Power of Small States in the United Nations

不同于传统的权力政治视角下小国的边缘属性和从属地位,联合国作为当代最具权威性、普遍性和代表性的政府间多边合作机制,为小国获取制度性权力提供了得天独厚的国际舞台。得益于在联合国体系内的投票权和固定席位资格赋予的权力基础,以及议事议程与议题的设置和选择、构建国际机制及联系性战略等策略选择,小国在物质性权力不足的情势下依然可以与联合国体系内的大国讨价还价,通过双方之间的不对称相互依赖迫使大国改变其行为。中国的新外交布局应重视小国在联合国中基于其规模优势而获取的制度性权力,通过与小国的沟通、协商和合作,促使联合国的提案更多地体现中国声音,塑造中国在全球治理和联合国重大议题上的话语权和主导权,同时尽力避免小国凭借制度性权力给中国带来的不利局面。

As the most authoritative,universal and representative inter-government and multilateral cooperation mechanism in modern times,the United Nations provides an advantaged international stage for small states to gain institutional power,which is different from the peripheral feature and subordinated status of small states from the perspective of traditional power politics.With the help of the power base endowed by the voting rights and the qualification of permanent seats within the UN system,as well as tactical choices such as setting and selecting agendas and issues,creating international mechanisms,and pursuing strategies for linkage,small states still can bargain with the great powers in the UN system in the situation of lacking material power,forcing the latter to change their behavior through the asymmetrical interdependence of the two parties.China should pay attention to the institutional power that small countries have obtained in the United Nations by their advantages of their scale in its new diplomatic layouts to promote the proposals in the United Nations more likely to reflect the voice of China and form China's say and influence on global governance and major topics in the United Nations by the communication,consultation,and cooperation with small states,while trying to avoid the unfavorable situation that small states may bring to China with their institutional power.