心理干预对潜艇艇员长航期间工作应激的影响

Effect of Psychological Intervention on Submariners’ Work Stress During Long-term Voyage

目的：探讨心理干预对潜艇艇员长航中工作应激的影响。方法：采用实验组控制组前后测的方法,于长航之前2天使用＂工作应激自评量表＂对54名控制组和84名实验组艇员进行前测,于长航结束前3天对两组人员进行后测。长航期间,对实验组进行心理干预,包括＂认知矫正＂、＂放松训练＂、＂音乐干预＂、＂对话心情＂练习,控制组被试不进行心理干预。对控制组与实验组工作应激前测分数、控制组工作应激前后测分数、实验组工作应激前后测分数、控制组与实验组工作应激后测分数进行比较,分别对实验组、控制组前后测中各类工作应激的人数进行比较。结果：心理干预后,实验组在人际关系应激（t=3.93,df=83,P〈0.001）、物理条件应激（t=3.02,df=83,P〈0.01）及工作应激总分（t=4.11,df=83,P〈0.01）上后测分数显著低于前测分数。控制组在人际关系应激（t=2.37,df=53,P〈0.05）、物理条件应激（t=2.47,df=53,P〈0.05）及工作应激总分（t=2.83,df=53,P〈0.01）上后测分数亦显著低于前测分数;心理干预前,控制组与实验组工作应激的各前测分数没有显著差异,心理干预后,实验组后测人际关系应激（t=3.69,df=130.57,P〈0.001）、物理条件应激（t=2.47,df=136,P〈0.05）、工作应激总分（t=3.28,df=132.67,P〈0.01）显著低于控制组;控制组各类工作应激的人数在前后测中没有显著差异;实验组在人际关系应激、物理条件应激和工作应激总分上,后测中各类应激的人数与前测有显著差异（Z人际关系应激=-4.941,Z物理条件应激=-4.205,Z工作应激总分=-5.210;P〈0.001）,呈高应激人数减少、低应激人数增加的趋势。结论：心理干预能有效降低潜艇艇员长航中的工作应激水平。

Objective：To explore the effect of psychological intervention on submariners＇ work stress during longterm voyage.Methods：Pretest-posttest control-group design was used in present study.54 submariners in control group and 84 submariners in experimental group were pre-tested by using work stress self-rated scale 2 days before the beginning of long-term voyage.And posttests of two groups were conducted 3 days before the end of voyage.During voyage,treatments of psychological intervention were applied to experimental group,which included cognitive modification,self-administered muscle relaxation,musical relaxation,and ＂dialogue with mood＂,however there was no treatment for control group.Comparisons between pretest scores and posttest scores of work stress in both experimental group and control group were analyzed by using paired-samples t test,while comparisons of both pretest scores and posttest scores of work stress between experimental group and control group were analyzed by using dependent-samples t test.Chi square tests were conducted to analyze differences between pretest number and posttest number of submariners with each level of work stress.Results：After psychological intervention,experimental group got significantly lower posttest scores than pretest scores in factor of relationship stress（t=3.93,P〈0.001）,factor of physical condition stress（t=3.02,P〈0.01）,and total score of work stress（t=4.11,P〈0.01）.Unexpectedly,control group also got significantly lower posttest scores than pretest scores in relationship stress（t=2.37,P〈0.05）,physical condition stress（t=2.47,P〈0.05）and total score of work stress（t=2.83,P〈0.01）.No significant difference was found in all pretest scores of work stress between control group and experimental group before psychological intervention（P〉0.05）.However,after intervention,there were significant differences in all posttest scores between two groups except scores of interest stress（t=3.69,2.47,3.28,P〈0.01）.In control group,there was no significant difference in numbers of submariners between pretest and posttest for all levels of work stress（Z =-1.897,-1.883,-2.236,-1.848;P〉0.05）.But in experimental group,significant differences were found in numbers of submariners between pretest and posttest for levels of relationship stress（Z=-4.941,P〈0.001）,physical condition stress（Z=-4.205,P〈0.001）and total score of work stress（Z=-5.210,P〈0.001）,with a trend of number decreasing from pretest to posttest at high level and increasing from pretest to posttest at low level.Conclusion：Psychological intervention in this study can effectively relieve work stress of submariners in long-term voyage.