航海类大学生心理资本与心理健康的关系

Psychological Capital and Mental Health of Maritime Students

目的：调查航海类大学生心理资本与心理健康状况,并分析两者之间的关系。方法：采用心理资本问卷（PCQ-24）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对149名航海类专业大学生进行测评。结果：（1）与大学生常模相比,航海类大学生躯体化、抑郁和焦虑3个因子显著低于常模（t=-2.01,-4.65,-2.38;P〈0.05）,其他各因子与常模无显著差异;结合与成人常模、远洋船员职业样本的比较,航海类大学生心理健康水平有待提高;（2）心理资本四维度与心理健康症状各因子均显著负相关（r=-0.17^-0.49,P〈0.05）。回归分析中,各维度对相应心理健康症状的作用效果不同,产生15%~28%的方差变异;其中乐观属于通用型心理能力,对9种症状均有显著影响（β=-0.191^-0.358,t=-2.323^-4.758,P〈0.05）;另外3个维度分别与乐观组合后,则既有互补性又各有指向性：希望对强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖、偏执5种症状（β=-0.173^-0.279,t=-2.124^-3.707,P〈0.05）,自我效能对躯体化、焦虑、敌对3种症状（β=-0.232^-0.275,t=-2.961^-3.354,P〈0.01）、韧性对精神病性症状（β=-0.212,t=-2.617,P〈0.01）作用更为显著。结论：航海类大学生心理健康水平与全国大学生平均水平基本一致,未能突显独特性,这不利于将来适应海员职业特性要求;心理资本能够降低心理健康症状,且不同心理资本维度组合对于各症状有不同的协同作用力,其中乐观作用最为突出。

Objective：To investigate the psychological capital（PsyCap）and mental health of the maritime students for studying their relationship.Methods：A total of 149 maritime college students were selected and measured by the Psychological Capital Questionnaire（PCQ-24）and Symptom Check List90（SCL-90）.Results：（1）Somatization,anxiety and depression of maritime students were significant lower than the national college students norm（t=-2.01～-4.65,P〈0.05）,while other factors had no differences.Take the adult norm and seafarers sample into account as well,the mental health of maritime students need to be improved.（2） All PsyCap dimensions were significantly negative correlated with the symptom factors（r=-0.17～-0.49,P〈0.05）,and different PsyCap capabilities had variant effects on the different symptoms varying from 15% to 28%.Optimism played an outstanding applicable role within every regression equation about the nine symptoms（β=-0.191～-0.358,t=-2.323～-4.758,P〈0.05）.While combing with optimism,hope was more effective for the five symptoms including obsessive-compulsive etc.（β=-0.173～-0.279,t=-2.124～-3.707,P〈0.05）,self-efficacy was more effective for three symptoms including somatization etc.（β=-0.232～-0.275,t=-2.961～-3.354,P〈0.01）,resilience was more effective for psychotism（β=-0.212,t=-2.617,P〈0.01）.Conclusion：The mental health of maritime students is not different from the college students＇ norm while taking their vocational special needs for navigation into account.PsyCap is the effective capabilities to cope with mental health of maritime students and the specific intervention mix should be applied based on the different effects of dimensions,especially,optimism.