大数据环境下隐私信息保护的入罪检讨——以最后手段原则为视角

Review of Incriminating Privacy Information Protection in Big Data Environment from the Perspective of the Last Resort Principle

大数据时代对隐私信息的安全构成了威胁,学界也越来越关注对隐私信息的保护。信息作为一种基本的法益,应当受到刑法的保护,但是,一概用刑法打击侵犯隐私信息的行为,会导致刑罚权的不当扩大。在大数据时代下探讨隐私信息的保护问题,本质上就是探讨如何划分刑法的边界。证立刑法禁止的根据首先要经过法益保护原则和伤害原则的检讨,但是,其却无法划分和民法(主要是侵权法)的边界。可用最后手段原则划分刑法的边界,在最后手段原则的指导下,根据一般恐惧理论将侵犯隐私信息的行为入罪,即侵犯隐私信息并引起一般恐惧的行为应当纳入刑法禁止的范畴。

The age of big data poses a threat to the security of private information, and academic circles are increasingly focusing on theprotection of private information. As a basic legal interest, information should be protected by the criminal law. However, the use ofthe criminal law to crack down on private information infringement will lead to improper expansion of the penalty. In the era of big data,to explore the protection of private information, the essence is to explore how to divide the boundaries of criminal law. Prohibition bycriminal law is based on a review of the principle of legal protection and the principle of harm, but it cannot define its borders from civillaw （mainly tort law）. It advocates using the last resort principle to divide the boundaries of the criminal law. Under the guidance ofthe last resort principle, the behavior of infringing on private information should be incriminated according to the general fear theory.That is, violation of private information and causing general fear should be included in the scope prohibited by criminal law.