晋西黄土区不同林地类型对土壤水分特性的影响

Effects of Different Types of Woodland on Soil Moisture Characteristics in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province,China

为揭示晋西黄土区典型人工林土壤水分特征,本研究以刺槐林(Robinia pseudoacacia)、油松林(Pinus tabuliformis)、丁香林(Svzygium aromaticum)和裸地为研究对象,分析其土壤含水量、土壤水分特征曲线和土壤入渗速率。研究结果表明:(1)丁香林的土壤水分情况优于油松林地,刺槐林地的土壤水分状况最差,并且在80 cm处出现明显的土壤干层。(2)不同土层土壤水分特征曲线整体趋势均表现为快速下降-缓慢下降-基本平稳。丁香地土壤持水能力优于乔木林地,裸地土壤持水能力最差。(3)不同林分初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率均表现为:丁香>刺槐>油松>裸地。Kostiakov、Philip和Horton模型对黄土区土壤水分入渗拟合效果均较好。综上,不同林分土壤水分特性差异较大,灌木林地的土壤水分特性要优于乔木林地,灌木林地更适合黄土区的自然条件,黄土区植被建设应该重视灌木种植,合理控制乔木林的种植范围。

To reveal the soil moisture characteristics of typical plantations in the loess region of western Shanxi Province,the soil moisture, water characteristic curve and infiltration rate were analyzed in the Robinia pseudoacacia,pinus tabuliformis,and Syzygium aromaticun plantations as well as the referenced bare land. The results indicated that（1） the soil moisture in the S. aromaticum plantation was higher than the P. tabuliformis plantation. Further,the soil moisture in the R. pseudoacacia plantation was the lowest with an obviously dry soil layer in 80 cm.（2） The soil water characteristic curve（SWCC） at different soil depths showed a trend of fast descending – slow descending – basically stable. Soil water-holding capacity in the S. aromaticum plantation was better than the arbor plantations,and the soil water holding capacity was the worst in the bare land.（3） The order of the initial and stable infiltration rates in different typical plantations were as follows： S. aromaticum,R.pseudoacacia,P. tabuliformis and the bare land. Kostiakov,Philip and Horton models fitted well with soil water infiltration in loess region. In short,the soil water characteristics were quite different among the typical plantations.The soil moisture characteristic in shrub plantation were better than arbor plantation,and shrub plantation was more suitable for the natural conditions of the loess region. Therefore,the shrub plantation should be paid more attention during vegetation construction,and the arbor plantation should be reasonably controlled in the loess region.