甘蓝型油菜种质资源主要经济性状关系分析

Analysis on the Relationship about the Main Economic Characters of Brassica napus L. Germplasm Resources

为有效利用油菜种质资源为油菜遗传育种服务,对95份来源于不同国家(地区)的甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)种质资源品种(品系)的9个经济性状进行了逐步回归、通径分析和主成分分析。逐步回归和通径分析结果均表明,在33.3万株/hm^2密度下,全株角果数、每果粒数、千粒重对单株产量的直接贡献大,三者和单株产量间均呈现极显著线性回归相关,其他性状对单株产量的贡献均不显著;主成分分析结果表明,构成产量的主成分因子有全株角果数因子、株型因子、千粒重因子、有效分枝数因子、每果粒数因子,该5个主成分因子合计贡献率达86.39%。研究认为要提高甘蓝型油菜产量,在适当提高株高、保证合适株型和分枝数的基础上稳定提高全株角果数和千粒重,同时注意全株角果数、千粒重和每果粒数三者协调均衡才能获得高产。

In order to utilize the germplasm resources of rapeseed（Brassica napus L.） and serve the breeding efficiently,the main 9 economic characters of 95 B.napus germplasms from different countries（regions） were used for stepwise regression,path analysis and principal component analysis. The stepwise regression and path analysis showed that, pod number per plant,seed number per pod and thousand seed weight had great direct contribution to yield per plant at density of 2.22 ten thousand plants/667 m^2,the relationship between the 3 traits and yield per plant all appeared significant linear regression,and the other traits did not show significant effect on yield per plant.Principal component analysis showed that,pod number per plant,plant type,thousand seed weight,effective branch number and seed number per pod were the principal component factors contributing to yield, and the contribution rate of the 5 principal component factors aggregated to 86.39%. It was concluded that,in order to improve the yield of Brassica napus L.,pod number per plant and thousand seed weight should be improved stably based on properly increasing plant height,ensuring appropriate plant type and branch number,meanwhile,attention must be paid to the coordination equilibrium of pod number per plant, thousand seed weight and seed number per pod.