通辽玉米滴灌灌溉制度

Drip irrigation schedules of maize in Tongliao

为更加合理制定玉米滴灌灌溉制度,以中国"节水增粮行动"为背景,于2016年在内蒙古通辽开展玉米滴灌灌溉制度试验研究.根据试验区34 a的降雨资料进行降雨频率分析,选取不同水文年型的代表年,结合玉米滴灌试验得到实际耗水规律,对比6种灌溉处理在各生育阶段的变化情况,测定了株高、叶面积指数、玉米产量等指标.结果表明:中水处理作物性状及产量较高,且水分利用效率最高,为最佳灌水处理;以中水处理作为滴灌灌溉制度的参考依据,通过气象数据计算参考蒸发蒸腾量ET0.利用实际耗水量获取各生育阶段作物系数,结合代表年型的ET0计算需水量.根据降雨量,得到不同水文年型滴灌灌溉制度:枯水年覆膜滴灌灌溉定额1 575m^3/hm^2,无膜滴灌灌溉定额1 785 m^3/hm^2;平水年覆膜滴灌灌溉定额1 125 m^3/hm^2,无膜滴灌灌溉定额1 425 m^3/hm^2;丰水年覆膜滴灌灌溉定额600 m^3/hm^2,无膜滴灌灌溉定额900 m^3/hm^2.

A field experiment on drip irrigation schedule of maize was conducted in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia in 2016 in order to produce a more reasonable schedule for the maize in the background of ＂ Water Saving and Grain Increasing Action＂ in China. A rainfall frequency analysis was made by using rainfall data of the experimental field in previous 34 years. By choosing meteorological data in typical years and combining with actual evapotranspiration rules obtained from the drip irrigation field experiment, six kinds of irrigation treatment were compared with each other in each growth stage. The maize plant height, leaf area index, productivity, etc. were measured. The results show that the characteristics and yield of maize in medium irrigation treatment are better than the others, and water use efficiency （WUE） was the highest, suggesting the best irrigation treatment. The medium irrigation treatment is used as the reference for drip irrigation schedule, then the reference evapotranspiration （ET0） is calculated based on the meteorological data. The actual water consumption is used to obtain the crop coefficient of each growth stage, and then the water requirement is calculated based on the ETo of a typical year. According to the rainfall data, the drip irrigation schedules for different hydrological years are worked out, respectively. The film-covered drip irrigation quota is 1 575 m3/hm2, the non-film drip irrigation quota is 1 785 m3/hm2 in low flow year. The drip irrigation quotas with and without film cover in normal flow year are 1 125 m3/hm2 and 1 425 m3/hm2, respectively. Meanwhile, in flow year, the drip irrigation quotas with and without film cover are 600 m3/hm2 and 900 m3/hm2, respectively.