灌溉渠道生态化设计研究进展

Research advance on ecological design of irrigation channel

针对灌区硬质化渠道导致生物栖息环境退化和水陆生物通道阻隔的问题,主要从生态护坡技术、营造生境条件、构建生物通道等方面,总结分析了国内外关于灌溉渠道生态化设计的方法和实践.研究表明,现有研究主要集中在渠道材质自然化、表面多孔粗糙化、流况多样化、断面和地形多样化、植栽绿美化、生物通道与生态保育等方面,中国的相关研究与实践尚处于起步阶段.在阐述生态型渠道概念与作用的基础上,归纳分析了生态衬砌形式、新型生态护坡材料和植被工程护坡等生态护坡技术,渠道坡面生态孔洞、渠底多样化和多孔质空间等生境条件构建方法,以及硬质护坡坡面生态改造和边坡植被生态修复等生物通道构建方法,并对其特点和适用性进行了对比分析,总结提出了中国灌溉渠道生态化设计研究的热点问题和发展方向.

To solve the problem of habitat degradation and fragmentation due to inappropriate design of irrigation and drainage ditch, the methods and practices of ecological design of irrigation channel were riviewed and analyzed from the aspects of constructing ecological revetment, habitat conditions and biological corridor. Studies have shown that the current research mainly concentrates on hydrophilic materials, the diversity of flow characteristics, the geomorphological features of water channel, soil bioengineering and ecosystem conservation. The related research and application in China is still in the star-ting stage. Based on the concept and functions of ecological channels, seven kinds of ecological restoration techniques are recommended to restore the damaged irrigation district ecosystem to a healthy status. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are comparatively analyzed, and the hot issues and development direction of ecological design of irrigation channel are also proposed.