2"American singers, because their speech tends to be quite imprecise, in particular need to make a thorough study of phonetics and diction. Our vowels are. vague and often back --produced. We tend to make diphthongs out of monoph- thongs, triphthongs out of diphthongs. "John Moriarty, Diction Italian, Latin, French, German... the Sounds and 81 F~ercises for Singing Them, EC Schirmer Music Co,1975.5.
3"mastering the basic rules of pronunciation, what sounds result from what letters in what Context-.'"David Adams, A Handbook of Diction for Singers ~ Italian, German, French, Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition, 2008. 6.
4Michael Mark. A Concise History of American Music Education. R~L Education, 2008.
5Stanley Sadi~ The New Grove Dictionary of Music 8~ Musicians. Edited, Volume 6. Edmund to Fryklund. Copyright Macmillan, 1980.
6Shirlee Emmons, Stanley Sonntag. The Art of the Song Recital. Waveland Pr Inc, 2001.
7Carol Kimball. a Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Hal Leonard Corporation, Revised edition, 2006.
8Adams, David. A Handbook of Diction for Singers. Italian, German, French. New York. Oxford University Press, 1999.
9Adler. Phonetics and Diction in Singing. Italian, French, Spanish, German. Minneapolis. University of Minnesota, 1967.
10Arnold, William. H. French Diction for Singers and Speakers. Philadelphia. Ditson, 1912.
