环境污染案件中公司人格否认与侵权责任的解释论研究

Research on Corporate Personality Denial and Explanation to Tort Liability in Environmental Pollution Cases

在环境污染案件中适用公司人格否认制度追究股东的责任备受学界关注,然而,学理上的公司人格否认制度与环境侵权制度的内在宗旨不一致,且《公司法》条文与环境侵权制度的归责原则存在差异,因而使该方案的可行性仍存在讨论空间。虽然对《公司法》条文中的"股东"进行扩张解释符合加强环境责任的宗旨,但仍缺乏公司法理论基础,应跳出公司人格否认制度而从侵权法和社会法的角度对《公司法》条文进行解读。在侵权法的语境下,不真正连带责任理论可作为非控股股东责任承担的理论基础;"滥用"可以被解释为股东对忠实义务的违反,淡化其对"过错"的强调,进而与环境侵权法的归责原则相一致。此外,在侵权法和社会法的语境下,追究顶层股东责任也有了理论依据。

Application of corporate personality denial system to investigate the responsibility of shareholders in environmental pollution cases has caught the academic community＇s attention. However,there is still room for discussion on the feasibility of the combination of corporate personality denial system and environmental tort system： the derogatory system of academic personality is inconsistent with the inherent purpose of environmental tort system; the principle of liability of the ＂ Company Law＂ and environmental tort system exists differences; There is controversy over the scope of ＂ shareholders＂ in the provisions of the ＂ Company Law＂. The solutions need to jump out of the personality denial system and interpret the provisions of the ＂ Company Law＂ from the perspective of tort law and social law. In the context of tort law, ＂ abuse＂ can be interpreted as a shareholder＇s violation of loyalty obligations and weakening its emphasis on ＂ fault＂,which is consistent with the principle of liability of environmental tort law. In addition,in tort law and social law,the investigation on the responsibility of non-controlling shareholders and top-level shareholders also has a theoretical basis.