无涉外因素争议的域外仲裁问题

A Study of Overseas Arbitration of Disputes without Foreign-related Elements

随着我国对外开放和市场经济的进一步深入,实践中衍生出无涉外因素的国内争议提交域外仲裁这类新型案件。从学理上,判断涉外因素的主流标准"法律关系三要素说"存在简单僵化的弊端;从立法上,法律规定演变的过程中新增了"兜底条款",这意味着我国从规范上预设到了非典型涉外因素案件的出现。具体到涉外因素在仲裁中的认定,我国现有的仲裁法体系没有明确禁止无涉外因素的仲裁案件提交域外仲裁,然而此前的司法实践和裁判思路却倾向于否定此类仲裁的有效性。我国司法实践对于无涉外因素争议提交域外仲裁的态度,以2015年为重要分水岭,前后显现出较大的转变,最终在2015年底的上海黄金置地案中打破了长期以来对涉外因素认定的禁锢,对非典型涉外因素的识别实现重大突破。从法律与经济发展互动的角度观察,"一带一路"和自贸区建设的大经济环境需要中国仲裁制度的进一步开放,而其中涉外因素识别的突破对此意义重大。

With the deepening of China＇s reform and opening up, cases where Chinese domestic dis- putes without foreign-related elements submitting for arbitration outside China's Mainland have been emer ging. On the theoretical side, the mainstream academic viewpoint in the field, i.e., the identification test on basis of three essentials of the civil legal relationship, has drawbacks of over-simplicity and rigidity On the regulatory side, a catch-all clause （back-up provision） is recently added, indicating that the legis- lators have foreseen atypical types of foreign-related cases. China＇s current regulatory framework does not explicitly prohibit disputes without foreign-related elements from arbitrating outside China's Mainland. However, past judicial interpretations and policies tend to negate the validity of such arbitration agree- ments. After a systematic study of recent judicial cases where arbitration agreements without foreign-re- lated elements provided for arbitration outside China's Mainland, the paper reveals the past-decade juris- prudential development in China and its critical change these years.