曹丕、曹植《寡妇诗》文体辨疑

Style Study and Comparison of Cao Pi's and Cao Zhi's Widow Poem

现存曹丕、曹植两人的作品,都既有《寡妇赋》,又有《寡妇诗》。但曹丕的《寡妇诗》与《寡妇赋》,序文要点相近,内容似亦存在关联,主要体式完全相同,考虑到当时文体观念已经逐渐明晰,因此综合推断,所谓《寡妇诗》实为《寡妇赋》,而且它与《艺文类聚》所收的《寡妇赋》,属于同一篇作品的两个残片。造成这一问题的原因当是类书在标注文体时产生失误。据此进一步考察,可知曹植的《寡妇诗》断句,当亦为《寡妇赋》。曹氏兄弟的这两篇《寡妇赋》,似均为建安十七年感于阮瑀之妻的遭遇而作的同题之赋。

Existing works of Cao Pi and Cao Zhi include Widows Fu and Widows Poem. Comparison between Cao Zhi^s Widows poem and Widows Fu shows that key points of prefaces are quite similar, contents are highly connected and main postures are exactly the same. Considering the clear style concept at that times, the so called Widows poem is actually Widows Fu, together with another Widows Fu in Yiwenleiju, both incomplete parts of the same piece of works. The reason for this problem is the improper typesetting of reference books with material taken from various sources. Further investigation reveals that the incomplete parts of Cao Zhi＇s Widows Poem also belong to Widows Fu. The two poems of the two brothers, seem to have been written in parallel to the story of Ruan Yu＇s wife in the seventeenth year of Jian ＇an （212 A.D.）.