失败归因、恢复导向与失败学习

Attribution,Restoration Orientation and Learning from Failure

基于意义建构视角,利用315份来自新产品开发项目失败的经验数据,探索不同的恢复导向组合下,4类失败归因对失败学习的影响。研究发现:(1)当且仅当交替使用"高被动-高主动"恢复导向时,内部可变归因正向影响失败学习;(2)当且仅当交替使用"低被动-高主动"恢复导向时,内部稳定归因正向影响失败学习;(3)当交替使用"低被动-高主动"或"高被动-高主动"恢复导向时,外部可变归因正向影响失败学习;(4)无论采取何种恢复导向组合,外部稳定归因对失败学习均无显著影响。研究表明,失败归因对失败学习的影响取决于创业者采取何种恢复导向的组合,准确匹配失败归因与恢复导向组合才可以最大化失败的学习价值。

Based on the sensemaking perspective,we used survey samples of 315 failed new product development projects and explored the moderating role of restoration orientation on the relationship between failure attributions and learning from failure.The results indicate that internal unstable attribution positively affects learning from failure only when applying＂high avoidance-high proactiveness＂orientation alternately;internal stable attribution positively affects learning from failure only when applying ＂low avoidance-high proactiveness＂orientation alternately;external unstable attribution positively affects learning from failure when applying＂low avoidance-high proactiveness＂orientation or＂high avoidance-high proactiveness＂orientation;external stable attribution has no effect on learning from failure under whatever restoration orientation.The results reveal that the effect of failure attribution on learning from failure depends on the combinations of different restoration orientations.This study further implies that the exact match between failure attribution and restoration orientation helps maximize the learning value of project failures.